[ effects of formaldehyde among medical students in anatomy dissection laboratory of Shiraz school of medicine]

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of formaldehyde vapor on eyes, nose and skin and pulmonary function of medical students, as well as, indoor concentration of formaldehyde [FA] vapor in dissection laboratory. One hundred sixty five [165] medical students were selected randomly. Students were excluded if they had had history of smoking, or any condition likely to have an effect on the results of this study. All students were exposed to formaldehyde at least one hour per week for 10 weeks. To evaluate irritation of eyes, nose and skin, pulmonary function and indoor concentration of FA vapor in anatomy laboratory we used questioner, spirometry and NIOSH 3500 method [National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health], respectively. Following exposure to FA, irritation of skin, eyes and specially nose [75.8%] were increased significantly [P

[Estradiol valerate-induced polycystic ovary syndrome: an animal model study]

Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder and one of the most common causes of an ovulation among women in their reproductive age. Presence of cysts in the ovaries alteration in the blood levels of gonadotropine hormones and gaining weight are some of the main characteristics of PCOS among humans. Our goal was to investigate the possible occurrence of such conditions in animal models of PCOS. Forty five Sprague Dawely rats were divided into 3 equal groups: the treatment and sham groups were intramuscularly injected by a single dose of Estradiol Valerate [4 mg/rat, dissolved in 0.4 ml] and equal volume of olive oil, respectively, and the control group without any injection. During the 12 weeks of study, the animal's weights were measured once a week. After 8 weeks, serum levels of testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, Follicular Stimulating Hormone [FSH], Latinizing Hormone [LH] and glucose were measured. Following 12 weeks, ovaries were removed and prepared for light microscopy. Histological characteristics of ovaries were observed after hematoxylin-eosin staining. Animal weight and serum level of testosterone were significantly reduced among PCOS induced rats while progesterone, LH and glucose levels were elevated. There was no significant difference in estradiol and FSH levels among different group of animals. Many cysts and degenerating follicles were observed in the treatment group. PCOS can be experimentally produced by a single injection of Estradiol Valerate in the rat, but some of the complex aspects of PCOS are not clearly defined

[Communication between external and rrecurrent laryngeal nerves in human by using dissection method in Shiraz medical school]

The aim of this study was to identify laryngeal nerves anastomosis by dissection methods. Forty human hemi- larynxes were dissected. The recurrent and branches of superior laryngeal nerve [SLN] were dissected under steriomicroscpe and separated from the surrounding tissues. All of the nerves were dissected in order to find the connection branches between laryngeal nerves, especially between the ELN and the RLN. Anastomosis between the external branch of SLN and the RLN appeared as a connecting branch throughout the cricothyroid muscle in 37.5%. Connection between RLN and internal branch of the SLN [Galen anastomosis] was also found in 100% of cases. There are neural connections between external branch of the SLN and RLN in human. These connections can explain unexpected findings after laryngeal nerve damages

Effects of nandrolone decanoate on ultrastructure of testis in male adult rats

To improve the athletic ability and muscle mass, anabolic androgenic steroids are abused by athletes. Little is known about how these compounds affect the fine structures of the testis. This study aimed to identify the changes in the fine structure of testis following administration of nandrolone decanoate. Twenty five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two experimental, two vehicle, and one control groups. Experimental groups were treated by 3 or 10 mg/kg/wk intramuscular injection of nandrolone decanoate. The vehicle groups were treated by the same amount of peanut oil, for 14 weeks. One week after the last injection, the rats were sacrificed and their testes were prepared for transmission electron microscopy study. The cells in the interstitial space of the experimental rats were considerably degenerated. The basement membrane was thick and the diameter of seminiferous tubule was reduced. Several degenerated Sertoli cells and apoptotic germ cells were considerably observed in the experimental rats. The results of this study show that fine structure of the testis is affected by nandrolone decanoate

[Vanadyl sulphate and its regenerative and trophic effects on beta cells of pancreas of STZ-induced diabetic mellitus rats]

Vanadyl sulfate [vanadium] has insulin like activity and trophic effects on the pancreatic beta cells of experimental-induced partial diabetic mellitus rats. In this study we investigated the trophic and regenerative effects of vanadium on pancreatic beta cells in conjunction with its insulin like actions in moderate diabetic rats. Moderate diabetic hyperglycemia was induced by IV injection of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin [STZ]. Diabetic animals with blood glucose levels [BG] of 500-600 mg/dl were randomly divided into three groups and treated as follows: group I [n=9], remained untreated [diabetic] whereas normoglycemia was induced in group II by daily IP injection of NPH insulin [n=11]; and group III [n=10] used fluid containing 1mg/ml vanadium. Blood samples were taken at specified times during the two months of treatment by nicking the tip of the tail to measure BG. Finally the rats were deeply anesthetized and sacrificed for histological evaluation of their pancreas. BG remained high in group I [552 +/- 7mg/dl], whereas group II were euglycemic and in group III, vanadium reduced BG level to 320 +/- 33mg/dl. Comparison of histological slides obtained from the pancreases of the three groups, with the exception of group III, revealed small and scarce islets of the pancreas, whereas, in group III, vanadium increased the size and the number of these islets looking like of normal rats. Amelioration of hyperglycemia in conjunction with increases in the size and the number of beta cells of group III seems to indicate that vanadium has regenerative and trophic effects on degenerated beta cells of moderate diabetic rats, and therefore, seems to cure diabetes by improving the activity beta cells of diabetic rats when degeneration of beta cells was not complete

effect of nandrolone decanoate on the body, testis and epididymis weight and semen parameters in adult male rats

Anabolic-androgenic steroids are used at high doses by athletes for improving athletic ability, physical appearance and muscle mass. Therefore, the abuse of these steroids has been significantly increased. Many undesirable side effects of these steroids on the male reproductive function have been reported, however, little is known about their effects on sexual behavior and tissues of the reproductive system. The aim of this study is to identify the effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids on the body, testis and epididymis weight, as well as semen parameters. Five groups of Sprague-Dawley adult male rats [n=72] were used. Two experimental groups were medicated with intramuscular injection of 3 and 10 mg/kg body wt/wk of nandrolone decanoate and two vehicle groups with same doses of sweet almond and olive oils, respectively, for 14 weeks. The control group received no injection. One week after the last injection, rats were sacrificed and the weights of the body, testis and epididymis and also semen parameters were assessed. The weights of testis and epididymis, as well as, sperm count and motility rate were significantly decreased in experimental groups than in the vehicle and control groups. Morphologically abnormal sperms were observed. We found that anabolic-androgenic steroids affect fertility parameters and cause testis atrophy